Online hate speech is on the rise in South and Southeast Asia, causing real-world violence and conflicts. Governments and tech companies are trying to address this issue, but it's a complex problem. Hate speech is often politically motivated and targets minority groups, leading to tensions and violence.
Hate speech in the region shares two common features: it's often politically driven, and it targets minority groups. Political elites may exploit hate speech for their gain, even during election campaigns. This divisive rhetoric affects Muslims, Hindus, and Buddhists depending on their demographic status in the country.
Governments and tech companies have tried to regulate hate speech online, but they face several challenges. The line between free speech and harmful content is blurred. Social media's anonymity and rapid information spread make regulation difficult. Additionally, hate speech can be popular among the public, making it challenging for politicians to control.
To complement government and tech company efforts, citizen-centered and civil society initiatives are emerging. Digital literacy workshops teach people to recognize and report hate speech. Fact-checking groups combat false information. Journalists hold politicians accountable for spreading rumors. Civil society organizations (CSOs) advise and inform governments and tech companies.
In countries like Myanmar, civil society groups document and report hate speech to social media platforms. They've pressured platforms to develop tools to combat hate speech and rumors targeting minorities. Similar initiatives are emerging in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, India, and elsewhere.
The growth of internet access in the region will likely lead to more online hate speech and real-world violence. Controlling this problem requires a combined effort from governments, tech companies, citizens, and civil society. While regulation is essential, citizens and CSOs play a crucial role in preventing and addressing hate speech.
Source: Georgetown Journal of International Affairs